We gave Astana four days in June 2016 and it spent all four of them showing off. Kazakhstan's purpose-built capital is a city mid-sprint: cranes on every horizon, and each new landmark trying to out-statement the last.
Night is when the city performs best. A few streets on, the Hazrat Sultan Mosque floats in floodlight, minarets and all.
Statement architecture, all of it
Daylight does not calm things down. There is a pyramid by Norman Foster built for peace congresses, a national museum guarded by gilded warriors, and a university shaped like a blue glass ellipse.
Blue and gold
The interiors keep pace with the skyline. Inside one of the city's Orthodox cathedrals, an iconostasis in deep blue and gold climbs the whole east wall, icons stacked six rows high under painted vaults.
Astana is what happens when a country decides to build a capital from scratch and never asks whether it is too much. It is too much. Go anyway. For the older Kazakhstan, start in Almaty, or head south to Turkistan.